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I am an MSE Computer Science student at Princeton, advised by Professor Peter Henderson, working at the POLARIS Lab, and affiliated with the Center for Information Technology Policy. My research explores how large language models interpret and apply natural language rules, drawing on insights from law and philosophy. I am especially interested in interpretive ambiguity (both in AI alignment and in law), legal reasoning in LLMs, and developing normative sociopolitical theories of justice in the age of AI.

Prior to graduate school, I spent three years working on ML models for the legal domain at Bloomberg Law. Before that, I completed my Bachelors in CS from Princeton, advised by Professor Elad Hazan, with a certificate in Values and Public Life (Political Theory). I am originally from Islamabad, Pakistan but did my last two years of high school at UWC Red Cross Nordic, in a tiny town by a magnificent fjord on the west coast of Norway.

Recent Work

• Statutory Construction and Interpretation for Artificial Intelligence, 2025. Lucy He, Nimra Nadeem, Michel Liao, Howard Chen, Danqi Chen, Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar, Peter Henderson. [Paper] [Blog Post]. Also featured on the PLI Blog and the CITP Blog.

• Missing the Mark: Rethinking Math Benchmarks for LLMs using IRT, 2025. Jane Castleman, Nimra Nadeem, Tanvi Namjoshi*, and Lydia T. Liu AAAI 2025 Workshop on AI for Education (iRAISE), Spotlight.

  *Denotes Equal Contribution

Teaching Experience

• Princeton University, Graduate Assistant Instructor:

  • COS 352: Artificial Intelligence, Law and Public Policy. Fall 2025.

  • COS 324: Introduction to Machine Learning. Spring 2025.

  • COS 333 Advanced Programming Techniques. Fall 2024.

• Inspirit AI: Course Instructor for the AI Scholars Program. 06/2022 – 09/2022.

• Ashinaga: Education Intern/English Teacher. 06/2018 – 08/2018

• Shree Mangal Dvip Boarding School: Science and Math Teacher. 08/2017-12/2017

Undergrad Stuff

Below are some fun things I did during my undergrad years.

CS Independent Research

• Learning To Breathe: Physics v. ML-based Lung Simulations for Control of Medical Ventilators, 2021. Advised by Professor Elad Hazan. Cited by Suo et al. (2021).

• Multi-dimensional Rewards are Unnecessary in Deterministic Environments, 2020. Advised by Professor Tom Griffiths.

Non-CS Independent Research

• Mera Jism Kiski Marzi? An Ethnographic Understanding of the Aurat (Women’s) March in Pakistan, 2021. Advised by Professor Stephen Macedo.

• The Racist Liberal Humanist: Black Plasticity and the Self/Other dialectic in Jordan Peele’s Get Out, 2018. Advised by Professor Marina Fedosik. Presented at the Mary W. George Research Conference.

Some Papers in Philosophy Courses that I particularly enjoyed writing

• Amoral Actions: A Defense of Kant’s Account of Moral Content. A defense of Kant’s account of moral content in response to Schiller.

• On Lying to Liars and Birthday Surprises. A defense of Kant’s perfect duty not to lie in response to Mahon.

• What it is like to Believe. A response to the problem of introspection.

• Marx and Rousseau on Private Property. An argument against Marx and in favor of Roussaeu.